This week, our In Focus section reviews the four new payment models addressing radiation oncology, kidney care, and end-stage renal disease released by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), through the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation (CMMI) on July 10, 2019. Two of the models would be mandatory in randomly selected geographies and were published as proposed rules: the End-Stage Renal Disease Treatment Choices (ETC) and Radiation Oncology (RO) models.